In 2005, Arul Chinnaiyan, M.D., Ph.D., and his lab found when a gene regulated by androgens called TMPRSS2 fuses with a transcription factor called ERG, it triggers the development of prostate cancer. This gene fusion was the first ever identified in solid tumors. In the nearly two decades since, the Chinnaiyan lab has refined its discovery, understanding how the hormone androgen regulates this gene fusion and developing a urine-based screening test to better detect prostate cancer.